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100 _aChoi, Jay Pil and Jeon, Doh-Shin
_928296
245 _aA leverage theory of tying in two-sided markets with nonnegative price constraints
260 _aAmerican Economic Journal: Microeconomics
300 _a13(1), Feb, 2021: p.283-337
520 _aMotivated by recent antitrust cases in markets with zero-pricing, we develop a leverage theory of tying in two-sided markets. In the presence of the nonnegative price constraint, the Chicago school critique of tie-ins fails to hold. In the independent products case, tying provides a mechanism to circumvent the constraint in the tied market without inviting aggressive responses by the rival firm. In the complementary products case, the "price squeeze" mechanism cannot be used to extract surplus from the more efficient rival firm without tying. We identify conditions under which tying in two-sided markets is profitable and explore its welfare implications. – Reproduced
773 _aAmerican Economic Journal: Microeconomics
906 _aPRICES
942 _cAR