000			01721nam a22001577a 4500
999			_c518484 _d518484
008			210927b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
100			_aHenricks, Kasey _929518
245			_aPower to the paperwork: Mandatory financial sanctions and the bureaucratic means to racially unequal ends
260			_aAmerican Behavioral Scientist
300			_a65(8), Jul, 2021: p.1104-1126
520			_aFew studies that disentangle the relationship between race, crime, and punishment have turned to administrative documents as a central site of power. Speaking to this omission, I use a case study of mandatory financial sanctions in the Criminal Division of the Cook County Circuit Court in the State of Illinois. The analysis draws upon a sample of 89 sanctions imposed upon conviction, at the state and county levels, to identify three bureaucratic aspects that sustain racial inequality. One, these sanctions are represented in ways that abstract the conviction process from its highly racialized context. Two, these sanctions enable legal actors to enact a multilevel mode of decision making, combining compulsory and discretionary judgment, that entrenches racial bias within the broader legal organization of punishment. And three, these sanctions redistribute the operational costs of justice through earmarks onto those who are processed through the system (i.e., disproportionately people of color). Altogether, these bureaucratic aspects paradoxically intensify racial stratification in ways that are seemingly nonracial. – Reproduced
650			_aFinancial sanctions, Bureaucratic violence, Color-blindness, Chicago _927701
773			_aAmerican Behavioral Scientist
906			_aFINANCIAL SANCTIONS
942			_cAR