000			01420nam a22001577a 4500
999			_c518549 _d518549
008			210929b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
100			_aStaronova, Katarina and Rybar, Marek _929619
245			_aPersonal or party roots of civil service patronage: Ministerial change effects on the appointments of top civil servants
260			_aAdministration & Society
300			_a53(5), May, 2021: p.651-679
520			_aPatronage is typically studied following government terminations when political parties appoint their nominees into the state administration. However, patronage is understudied in cases when a change of minister takes place without government termination. Taking individual government ministers as the units of analysis, we identify four modalities of ministerial alterations: replacing, successive, incumbent, and switching ministers. We show that politicization occurs under “replacing ministers” following government termination, but the bureaucratic turnover is equally high under “successive ministers.” That suggests that patronage can be seen as an individualized power resource of autonomous ministers who exercise influence independently of their political parties. – Reproduced
650			_aPatronage, Political appointments, Top executives, Political parties, Ministerial alterations _927784
773			_aAdministration & Society
906			_aCIVIL SERVICE
942			_cAR