000			02401nam a22001577a 4500
999			_c518769 _d518769
008			211102b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
100			_aPriscilla, L.M., Baffour, P.T. and Rahaman, W.A. _930057
245			_aGender differences in earnings rewards to personality traits in wage-employment and self-employment labour markets
260			_aManagement and Labour Studies
300			_a46(2), May, 2021: p.204-228
520			_aIn an extensive review of wage determination papers, it is concluded that the standard demographic and human capital factors explain little of earning differentials. Consequently, there is a growing interest among economists to include non-cognitive skills measured by personality traits in recent empirical literature to explain variations in earnings. In a bid to contribute empirical evidence to this strand of literature, this study examines the associations between the Big-Five personality traits (i.e., agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, extraversion and neuroticism) and earnings, using the World Bank’s Skills towards Employment and Productivity (STEP) data on Ghana. The study employed regression techniques to estimate a series of semi-logarithmic wage equations that include demographic and human capital factors and the Big-Five personality traits to determine how important these factors are in explaining wage and self-employment earnings. Furthermore, the estimations of the wage equations are done separately for males and females to highlight any gender differences in the way personality traits contribute to earnings. Findings are largely consistent with the literature but uniquely demonstrate that in a power-distant culture like Ghana, where, traditionally, girl-child education has been relegated to the background, agreeable females, and not males, are rewarded in the formal wage employment labour market. However, in the informal self-employment labour market, conscientious males, and not females, are positively rewarded with higher earnings. These unique findings contribute to our understanding of the gender differences in the relative importance of non-cognitive skills in the formal and informal labour markets. – Reproduced
650			_aNon-cognitive, Traits, Big-Five factor model, Earning differential, Incentive-enhancing _928640
773			_a Management and Labour Studies
906			_aLABOUR MARKET
942			_cAR