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100			_aMckay, Spencer and Tenove, Chris _932333
245			_aDisinformation as a threat to deliberative democracy
260			_aPolitical Research Quarterly
300			_a74(3), Sep, 2021: p.703-717
520			_ait is frequently claimed that online disinformation threatens democracy, and that disinformation is more prevalent or harmful because social media platforms have disrupted our communication systems. These intuitions have not been fully developed in democratic theory. This article builds on systemic approaches to deliberative democracy to characterize key vulnerabilities of social media platforms that disinformation actors exploit, and to clarify potential anti-deliberative effects of disinformation. The disinformation campaigns mounted by Russian agents around the United States’ 2016 election illustrate the use of anti-deliberative tactics, including corrosive falsehoods, moral denigration, and unjustified inclusion. We further propose that these tactics might contribute to the system-level anti-deliberative properties of epistemic cynicism, techno-affective polarization, and pervasive inauthenticity. These harms undermine a polity’s capacity to engage in communication characterized by the use of facts and logic, moral respect, and democratic inclusion. Clarifying which democratic goods are at risk from disinformation, and how they are put at risk, can help identify policies that go beyond targeting the architects of disinformation campaigns to address structural vulnerabilities in deliberative systems. – Reproduced
650			_aDisinformation, Deliberative democracy, Media regulation, Systems, Social media, Political communication _930376
773			_aPolitical Research Quarterly
906			_aDEMOCRACY
942			_cAR