000			01704nam a22001577a 4500
999			_c521551 _d521551
008			230213b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
100			_aSulehria, Farooq _937295
245			_aPakistan as an ‘Islamic Zion’
260			_aSouth Asian Survey
300			_a29(1), Mar, 2022: p.61-80
520			_aIn order to understand the growth of Islamic fundamentalism in Pakistan, it is important to go beyond culturalist and orientalist explanations. As an alternative, this article foregrounds four factors that have been instrumental in projecting fundamentalism to a near-hegemonic position in the country. First, the fact that Pakistan has been imagined as a community of Muslims offers the fundamentalist an edge over secular rivals. This confessional intrinsicality is compounded by an official appeasement and patronage of the fundamentalists. Second, elaborate charity networks offering an ‘alternative society’ that caters to basic needs such as health, education and jobs have helped Islamic fundamentalism expand its outreach during a neoliberal period when the state shunned its welfare role. Third, the radical decline of the Pakistani left spawned a political vacuum that allowed the fundamentalists to become a mainstream platform for the public to vent their anger. Finally, imperialism, in particular the United States, contributed to the growth of fundamentalism in Pakistan in the context of the Cold War. This process apexed during the Afghan Jihad of the 1980s, and it laid the grounds for 9/11 and beyond. – Reproduced
650			_aIslamic fundamentalism, Jihad, Madrassa, Pakistan, Religion. _935422
773			_aSouth Asian Survey
906			_aTERRORISM
942			_cAR