000			01590nam a22001577a 4500
999			_c522296 _d522296
008			230329b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
100			_aHayakawa, Kazunobu _939279
245			_aImpacts of vaccination on international trade during the pandemic Era
260			_aThe Developing Economics
300			_a60(4), Dec, 2022: p. 206-227
520			_aThis paper examines how COVID-19 vaccinations change international trade. We analyze monthly level trade data from January 2020 to March 2022 that cover the bilateral exports from 40 reporting countries to 220 partner countries. Our findings can be summarized as follows. On average, the effects of vaccination rates in importing and exporting countries on exports were found to be insignificant. When considering the income level, we also did not find significant effects of vaccination rates in high- and low-income importing countries on exports. In contrast, the rise of vaccination rates in low-income exporting countries significantly increased their exports though no significant increase in exports was detected when vaccination rates rose in high-income exporting countries. These results imply that since low-income countries are mainly engaged in labor-intensive industries, the relaxation of lockdown orders (i.e., movement and gathering restrictions) driven by the rise of vaccination rates plays a crucial role in production activities in low-income countries. – Reproduced
650			_aCovid-19, Lockdown orders, Trade, Vaccination. _937104
773			_aThe Developing Economics
906			_aVACCINATION
942			_cAR