000			01672nam a22001577a 4500
999			_c522685 _d522685
008			230503b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
100			_aValli, Chiara and Nai, Alessandro _940454
245			_aAttack politics from Albania to Zimbabwe: A large-scale comparative study on the drivers of negative campaigning
260			_aInternational Political Science Review
300			_a43(5), Nov, 2022: p.680-696
520			_aThere is little comparative research on what causes candidates in elections across the world to ‘go negative’ on their rivals – mainly because of the scarcity of large-scale datasets. In this article, we present new evidence covering over 80 recent national elections across the world (2016–2018), in which more than 400 candidates competed. For the first time in a large-scale comparative setting, we show that, ceteris paribus, negativity is more likely for challengers, extreme candidates, and right-wing candidates. Women are not more (or less) likely to go negative on their rivals than their male counterparts, but we find that higher numbers of female MPs in the country reduces negativity overall. Furthermore, women tend to go less negative in proportional systems and more negative in majoritarian systems. Finally, negativity is especially low for candidates on the left in countries with high female representation, and higher for candidates on the right in countries with proportional representation (PR). – Reproduced
650			_aNegative campaigning, Comparative political communication, Expert survey, Elite behaviour. _938129
773			_aInternational Political Science Review
906			_aELECTIONS
942			_cAR