000			01471nam a22001577a 4500
999			_c523572 _d523572
008			230913b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
100			_aPeters, B. Guy and Bianchi, Carmine _943588
245			_aMoving away from patronage: A feedback approach
260			_aAmerican Review of Public Administration
300			_a53(1), Jan, 2023: p.36-48
520			_aPatronage appointments in government are a continuing issue in many administrative systems. Especially for countries in Latin America and Africa patronage is considered a major impediment to developing more effective administrative systems. A great deal has been written describing patronage and discussing the causes for patronage, but much less research has addressed the dynamics of moving away from patronage to more merit-based systems. This paper reviews the patronage literature and then develops a dynamic feedback model for movement away from patronage. The model links the quality of the services provided by the government, the nature of the political party system, and levels of trust to patronage. The model uses several reinforcing and balancing feedback loops to demonstrate the possible dynamics of change in administrative appointments. – Reproduced
650			_aInternational public administration, Governance, Public administration, Professionalism, Patronage, Feedback. _940480
773			_aAmerican Review of Public Administration
906			_aPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
942			_cAR