000			01641nam a22001457a 4500
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100			_aCapano, Giliberto and Toth, Federico _945929
245			_aThinking outside the box, improvisation, and fast learning: Designing policy robustness to deal with what cannot be foreseen
260			_aPublic Administration: An International Quarterly
300			_a10(1), Mar, 2023: p.90-105
520			_aPolicies are continually subjected to turbulence and crises. Interest in policy robustness as a fundamental way to deal with what cannot be foreseen is increasing. Thus, there is a flourishing stream of literature suggesting that policies need to be designed to be agile and flexible. However, the associated characteristics remain undeveloped. This article fills this gap by drawing on lessons obtained from the unplanned behaviors that were adopted in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. Individual and organizational behaviors characterized by outside the box thinking, improvisation, and fast learning yielded solutions to unexpected problems. In this article, some of these emblematic unplanned behaviors are assessed, and the research builds on the literature on policy robustness, crisis management, and organizational theory to identify three enabling conditions to design more robust policies: coordinated autonomy, training for unplanned responses, and political institutional capacity. – Reproduced https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/padm.12861
773			_aPublic Administration: An International Quarterly
906			_aPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
942			_cAR