000			02084nam a22001457a 4500
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100			_aPenati, Beatrice _951687
245			_aWormwood, nomads’ rights, and capitalism: The birth of a chemical industry in Russian Turkestan (1870s–1914)
260			_aModern Asian Studies
300			_a57(4), Jul, 2023: p.1135-1197
520			_aA variety of wormwood, Artemisia cina, once grew abundantly in the Syr-Darya province of Russian Turkestan. Santonin, a drug derived from it, was in high demand. Flowers harvested by Kazakhs were handed over to intermediaries to be processed in Europe, but from the 1880s entrepreneurs from different parts of the Russian empire established their own chemical plants in Chimkent and Tashkent. They pressured the Russian imperial government to restrict the rights of the Kazakhs on land where Artemisia cina grew, and grant them the exclusive right to exploit this resource. These entrepreneurs used conservationist arguments and advocated a ‘cultured’ approach to the management of natural resources located on supposedly ‘State land’. These attempts collided with the usage rights of the Kazakhs, as defined by Turkestan’s governing Statute. By shifting the argument to the political, rather than legal, level, the industrialists eventually gained a monopoly to the exclusion of local entrepreneurs and even assumed State-like functions. This article reconstructs this controversy and allows a glimpse into the evolving claims to natural resources in the ‘periphery’ by both Tsarist colonial power and the Kazakhs themselves. The article also explores the features of autochthonous and Russian entrepreneurship and situates Turkestan in a web of trade connections to the global. – Reproduced https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/wormwood-nomads-rights-and-capitalism-the-birth-of-a-chemical-industry-in-russian-turkestan-1870s1914/2F6E68711BB52FEDD471215C59FCBCEF
773			_aModern Asian Studies
906			_aHISTORY
942			_cAR