000			01651nam a22001457a 4500
999			_c527676 _d527676
008			240913b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
100			_aBenshaul-Tolonen, Anja _958178
245			_aIndustrial gold mining and female empowerment
260			_aEconomic Development and Cultural Change
300			_a72(3), Apr, 2024: p.1213-1266
520			_aDoes industrial development affect female empowerment? This paper explores the causal effects of a continent-wide expansion of a modern industry on female empowerment. Identification relies on plausibly exogenous spatiotemporal variation in gold mining in Africa. The establishment of industrial-scale mines induces female empowerment—justification of domestic violence decreases by 19%, women have better access to health care (23%) and are 31% more likely to work in services—alongside rapid economic growth. The changes are not limited to subgroups and are present across women of all ages and migration status. There are no clear changes in attitudes held by men—who are on average less likely to endorse violence—leading to a smaller gender gap in justification of violence. Despite fears that a positive shock to a male-dominated sector would reduce women’s bargaining power in the household, no such change is observed. Results survive several robustness checks relating to trends and treatment distances and are supported by results on community development, including night-light and health care access.- Reproduced https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/723215
773			_aEconomic Development and Cultural Change
906			_aINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
942			_cAR