000			02141nam a22001457a 4500
999			_c528893 _d528893
008			250128b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
100			_aBahri, Elya Nabila Abdul and Wye, Chung-Khain _950451
245			_aNonlinearity in energy–employment nexus: The role of FDI, trade and growth in ASEAN-5
260			_aJournal of Social and Economic Development
300			_a26(3), Dec, 2024: p.963-991
520			_aPast studies examining the linear association between energy consumption and employment have generally ignored the role of FDI, trade and economic growth (GDPPC) in accounting for the nexus. These macroeconomic factors are closely intertwined with energy and employment, with empirical evidence being observed in ASEAN-5 confirming the EKC hypothesis, pollution-haven hypothesis, pollution halo hypothesis, energy-intensive trade and growth-led energy consumption. Therefore, this paper contributes to the existing literature on energy–employment nexus by proposing nonlinear model specifications that incorporate these macroeconomic factors for devising harmonious policies within these market segments in ASEAN-5. Addressing endogeneity problem, our 2SLS-FE and panel threshold estimations show that the energy-reducing role of employment has deteriorated following an increase in FDI, GDPPC and trade, specifically when trade exceeds US$264.21 billion. Meanwhile, energy-led job destruction is mitigated with employment slightly rebounding following an increase in FDI and GDPPC, specifically when GDPPC exceeds US$8,233.78. Therefore, employment-led energy efficiency policy should be complemented with emission-controlled growth-led FDI and trade policies to minimise any potential environmental threat, while growth-promoting and FDI-attracting policies can create employment in energy-intensive ASEAN-5 economies, notwithstanding the energy–employment substitutability.- Reproduced https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40847-023-00288-3
650			_aEnergy consumption, Employment, ASEAN-5, Nonlinearity, Panel threshold. _950452
773			_aJournal of Social and Economic Development
942			_cAR