000			01628nam a22001457a 4500
999			_c529291 _d529291
008			250310b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
100			_aWarr, Peter and Yusuf, Arief Anshory _951211
245			_aPandemic-induced de-urbanization in Indonesia: Urban and rural impacts
260			_aThe Developing Economies
300			_a 62(2), Jun, 2024: p.139-174
520			_aIn Indonesia, the negative health impact of COVID-19 and the initial, direct loss of employment have been largest in urban, not rural areas. But the second-round effects on labor markets have been very different. They have included a huge, empirically documented migration of newly unemployed urban workers from urban to rural areas, in urgent search of employment, food, and safety from the pandemic. We call this “de-urbanization.” It placed the migrating workers in economic competition with the least skilled agricultural workers, expanding their numbers by almost 8%. By increasing the supply of unskilled farm labor, de-urbanization depressed farm workers' real wages. Because the demand for farm labor is inelastic, the total wage income of these workers, aggregated across all unskilled farm laborers, declined. The households relying on this source of income are by far Indonesia's poorest. Similar outcomes may occur in other pandemic-affected developing countries with large agricultural sectors.- Reproduced https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/deve.12392
650			_aIndonesia, De-urbanization, Agricultural labour demand, Computable general equilibrium model. _951212
773			_aThe Developing Economies
942			_cAR