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100			_aZhang, Liying and Su, Xuhong _954962
245			_aIt is top-down governance: Examining environmental public-private partnerships in China
260			_aAsia Pacific Journal of Public Administration
300			_a47(1), Mar, 2025: p.28-49
520			_aPublic-private partnerships have been touted as an important governance tool. To what extent efficiency gains are internalized into the governance scheme remains open. This study proposes a nested model suggesting that the development of PPPs is enabled and constrained by project features, local contexts and (top-down) governance scheme. Based on 325 environmental PPP projects in China, the multilevel models suggest when government payment or subsidy were involved, the development of PPPs was not driven by efficiency gains but empowered by top-down governance. While efficiency gains mattered, user fees also prevailed more when certain governing arrangements were place. PPPs in China serve and are also constrained by top-down governance, raising potential concerns on efficiency and public accountability.- Reproduced https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23276665.2023.2258518
650			_aPublic–private partnerships, Top-down governance, Efficiency gains. _954963
773			_aAsia Pacific Journal of Public Administration
942			_cAR