000			01498pab a2200157 454500
008			180718b2002 xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
100			_aHill, Larry B.
245			_aThe ombudsman revisited: thirty years of Hawaiian experience
260			_c2002
300			_ap.24-41.
362			_aJan-Feb
520			_aThis article examines the classical, or real, ombudsman. Unlike quasi ombudsmen, which are bureaucratic control mechanisms subject to executive leaders or agency administrators, real ombudsmen are operationally independent officials of the legislative branch. In 1969, the state of Hawaii was the first to create a real ombudsman. Although lowa, Nebraska, Alaska, and Arizona have since followed Hawaii's lead, no intensive, long-term study of American ombudsmen has yet been published. This article examines the ombudsman as a monitor of Hawaii's bureaucracies and considers the extent to which the office has become institutionalized over the past 30 years. Nearly 75,000 citizens have had their complaints investigated by the ombudsman, and more than one-fifth of them were rectified, that is, the agency reversed its original action. This study indicates that the classical ombudsman can become institutionalized in the United States. The findings have policy implications as jurisdictions at the federal, state, and local levels consider the creation of ombudsmen or quasi ombudsmen. - Reproduced.
650			_aOmbudsman
773			_aPublic Administration Review
909			_a53077
999			_c53077 _d53077