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100			_aGanguly, Debjanee _960307
245			_aEvolution of modern higher educational institutes: Challenges to the American university model
260			_aEconomic & Political Weekly
300			_a61(12), Mar 21, 2026: p.45-52
520			_aFour dominant models of higher education emerged alongside the modern nation state: the Humboldtian, Napoleonic, Anglo-Saxon, and American models. The American model, shaped by globalisation, is most closely aligned with market imperatives, emphasising choice-based education and increasing privatisation of higher education. Despite its global appeal, the model faces mounting challenges in the West, including growing scepticism among the youth about the value of university education. This paper asks why the American model is in crisis and offers a cautionary perspective to Indian universities adopting it.-Reproduced https://www.epw.in/journal/2026/12/special-articles/evolution-modern-higher-educational-institutes.html
773			_aEconomic & Political Weekly
942			_cAR