000			01419pab a2200169 454500
008			180718b2003 xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
100			_aWilliams, Daniel W.
245			_aMeasuring government in the early twentieth century
260			_c2003
300			_ap.643-59.
362			_aNov-Dec
520			_aThis article discusses the early history of performance and productivity measurement. It finds sophisticated development of these tools beginning in the first decade of the twentieth century, primarily of the New York Bureau of Municipal Research. These practices grew out of accounting, the social survey, work records, and municipal statistics. The bureau built government's capacity to measure. They advocated such basic empirical practices as making observations at all, doing so systematically and routinely, and recording data at the time of observation. By 1912, performance measurement exhibited many of the features associated with the modern practice; measuring of input, output, and results; attempting to make government more productive; making reports comparable among communities; and focusing on allocation and accountability. Performance measurement was developed in the context of shifting power between the elected executive and the legislature. - Reproduced.
650			_aPublic administration
650			_aPerformance appraisal
773			_aPublic Administration Review
909			_a58630
999			_c58630 _d58630