000			01801pab a2200193 454500
008			180718b2007 xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
100			_aMccarthy, John D.
245			_aPolicing disorderly campus protests and convivial gatherings: the interaction of threat, social organization, and first amendment guarantees
260			_c2007
300			_ap.274-96.
362			_aAug
520			_aExpectations about police responses to disorderly campus gatherings are explored here using details about nearly 400 disorderly convivial gathering and confrontational protests that occurred during recent decades. Past work suggests that protests may represent threats to authorities, but protests also are privileged by the First Amendment, yielding conflicting expectations about the forcefulness of police responses. In contrast, convivial gatherings, even those that breach the public order, may be less threatening to authorities, while at the same time more difficult to police because of their comparative lack of social organization. Analyzing details of the gatherings, we find that while police frequently attempt to disperse disturbances of both kinds, they use force in only a small minority of them. However, police are substantially more likely to use force when protest participants also use force than when convivial participants do, suggesting that the relationship between threat and police response is heavily contingent upon the nature of the event as well as the behavior of participants. the findings highlight the interplay between the internal dynamics of gatherings and the way they are perceived by authorities. - Reproduced.
650			_aProtest movements
700			_aMcphail, Clark
700			_aMartin, Andrew
773			_aSocial Problems
908			_aN
909			_a76205
999			_c76205 _d76205