000			01058pab a2200169 454500
008			180718b2009 xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
100			_aWest, William F.
245			_aInside the black box: the development of proposed rules and the limits of procedural controls
260			_c2009
300			_ap.576-99.
362			_aSep
520			_aThe need to develop specific proposals as a basis for formal participation ensures the most important policy decisions in rulemaking are often made before notice-and-comment requirements come to bear. Although informal stakeholder participation in the development of proposed rules is common, it tends to be unstructured and idiosyncratic and to lack the assurance of openness that characterize the comment phase of the process. These observations have important implications for our understanding of the effects and the limitations of procedural constraints on bureaucratic policy making. - Reproduced.
650			_aPublic administration
773			_aAdministration and Society
908			_aN
909			_a83724
999			_c83724 _d83724