| 000 -LEADER |
|---|
| fixed length control field |
01202nam a22001577a 4500 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
|---|
| fixed length control field |
210722b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d |
| 100 ## - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
|---|
| Personal name |
Elder, Todd and Zhou, Yuqing |
| 245 ## - TITLE STATEMENT |
|---|
| Title |
The black-white gap in non cognitive skills among elementary school children |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. (IMPRINT) |
|---|
| Place of publication, distribution, etc |
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
|---|
| Extent |
13(1), Jan, 2021: p.105-132 |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. |
|---|
| Summary, etc |
Using two nationally representative datasets, we find large differences between Black and White children in teacher-reported measures of noncognitive skills. We show that teacher reports understate true Black-White skill gaps because of reference bias: teachers appear to rate children relative to others in the same school, and Black students have lower-skilled classmates on average than do White students. We pursue three approaches to addressing these reference biases. Each approach nearly doubles the estimated Black-White gaps in noncognitive skills, to roughly 0.9 standard deviations in third grade. – Reproduced
|
| 650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element |
Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth |
| 9 (RLIN) |
27338 |
| 773 ## - HOST ITEM ENTRY |
|---|
| Main entry heading |
American Economic Journal: Applied Economics |
| 906 ## - LOCAL DATA ELEMENT F, LDF (RLIN) |
|---|
| Subject DIP |
CHILD DEVELOPMENT |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
|---|
| Item type |
Articles |
